Recruitment Policy vs Recruitment Process Free Essays

Discover (Cntl-F) Best Paper Index Table of Contents RECRUITMENT POLICY VS. Enlistment PROCESS: ESPOUSED THEORY AND THEORY-IN-USE ANNA M. STAFSUDD Department of Business Administration Lund University P. We will compose a custom article test on Enlistment Policy versus Recruitment Process or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now O. Box 7080 SE-220 07 Lund Sweden INTRODUCTION This paper contends that enlistment strategy doesn't impact the enrollment procedure to an enormous degree, as it speaks to an upheld hypothesis, which is utilized to clarify and glorify conduct after it has happened. Rather, it is contended that enrollment choice presumptions will direct the enlistment procedure, as they speak to speculations being used. These enrollment choices, as how interior employees’ firm-explicit information is esteemed, will influence whether chiefs are inside advanced or remotely selected. How an association esteems such information might be deduced from control frameworks, which is outlined utilizing the instances of socialization and bureaucratic control frameworks. These control frameworks have been picked, as they speak to inverse points of view on the estimation of firm-explicit information and will, consequently, impactsly affect inner or outside enlistment being progressively plausible. Upheld THEORY AND THEORY-IN-USE The structure of Argyris and Schon (1974) presents how embraced hypothesis and hypothesis inaction identify with one another, just as to different factors. As can be found in figure 1, embraced hypothesis and hypothesis being used can be situated against one another, subsequent in either coinciding or incongruence. Moreover, the figure delineates the suspicion that upheld hypothesis is isolated from activity and just serves to clarify and romanticize it a while later. Rather, it is hypothesis being used, which impacts activity, as individuals act as per the necessities of the administering factors of their speculations being used. Hypotheses being used will likewise will in general impact how an individual will see the environmental factors, I. e. the conduct world. This is a world made by human show and proceeded by human decision, as opposed to being a characteristic nature of the real world. Closing a criticism circle, the social universes will be utilized as approval for those equivalent hypotheses being used, by which the conduct universes have been made and tend, along these lines, to additionally strengthen them. This structure in this manner, portrays one issue with having speculations being used, in that they will in general act naturally fixing. Hypotheses being used forming activity and conduct world, while as yet utilizing activity and social world as reasons and approval will in general authorize a round rationale, where a criticism circle is reliant on the earlier suspicions. One case of such an issue is introduced by Argyris and Schon (1974), where an instructor encounters a self-fixing issue of accepting that his understudies are idiotic. In expecting that the understudies are moronic, the instructor goes about just as they are in truth inept. By unmistakably telling the understudies that he thinks they are moronic, the instructor will pose such inquiries as inspire idiotic answers from them, in this way, implementing dumb conduct with respect to the understudies. The instructor will at that point test his hypotheses and as he himself authorizes idiotic conduct in the understudies, his speculations will be fortified. The more drawn out the instructor and the understudies cooperate, the more solidly will the educator become in his hypothesis being used of them being inept. Foundation of Management Best Conference Paper 2003 HR: G1 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Figure 1 about here â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€Apart from the prior examined factors there are five more, with which upheld hypothesis, hypothesis being used, activity and social world can be broke down and which speak to potential situations in or between different factors. Interior consistency might be investigated for every one of the two factor s of embraced hypothesis and hypothesis being used, as a portrayal of how inside steady the speculations and the suspicions of the speculations are. Compatibility, then again, speaks to a methods for dissecting fit or consistency between embraced hypothesis and hypothesis being used. Upheld hypothesis and hypothesis being used are connected in the manner that embraced hypothesis speaks to what one says one is doing, though hypothesis being used speaks to what one really does. Subsequently, hypothesis being used impacts activity and social world. Viability is a variable, with which one can examine how well activities authorize the conduct world that a hypothesis being used would prompt without the interceding variable of activity. Viability is, hence, not utilized when breaking down embraced hypothesis, as it won't impact activity. The model likewise delineates an input circle, as hypothesis being used impacts activity, which thus prompts a social world, which is then used to approve and fortify speculations being used. How well the social world can be utilized to strengthen or refute hypothesis being used thusly relies upon how well the hypothesis being used can be tried, I. e. the testability of the hypothesis in a particular circumstance. Aside from these investigative factors, there is one progressively factor, which speaks to a regularizing measurement of the system. This variable is spoken to by the estimations of the social world. In the wake of having examined different factors, an individual would at last additionally contemplate whether the conduct world, made by the procedure engaged with the system, would be viewed as a positive or negative one. Contingent upon the appropriate response, the individual would see an affinity for steadiness or change. Enlistment POLICY AND RECRUITMENT DECISION ASSUMPTIONS The upheld hypothesis on account of an organization’s enrollment exercises is spoken to by the enlistment strategy, as expressed by the association, while hypothesis being used is spoken to by the presumptions on which the enlistment is really based. An inner enlistment strategy may as a rule be expected, because of it being so basic as it speaks to showcasing towards the workers (Coff, 1997; Chan, 1996; Browner and Kubarski, 1991; Tanushaj, Randall and McCullough, 1988). Rather than upheld hypotheses, speculations being used can't be effectively watched (Argyris and Schon, 1974). It tends to be contended that enrollment choice presumptions might be watched in a roundabout way through what applicants are in actuality enlisted, however in such cases we would turn to redundancy in expecting that people are chosen dependent on the way that they are chosen. Be that as it may, examples may obviously be watched and broke down. With respect to enlistment choice suppositions, it appears to be sheltered to contend that the essential overseeing variable in an enrollment procedure is selecting the best applicant accessible for the position. The capacity of an up-and-comer is, be that as it may, hard to assess and enrollment specialists will, hence, utilize various intermediaries so as to assess capacity and lessen data vulnerability. Concentrating on the enrollment procedure as far as decision between inward advancement and outside enlistment, it would appear to be increasingly likely for an association to enlist inside, as this decreases data vulnerability in that up-and-comers might be straightforwardly watched. Besides, Academy of Management Best Conference Paper 2003 HR: G2 interior enlistment might be favored due to employees’ firm-explicit information (Chan, 1996). The higher the worth set on firm-explicit information, the likelier will inner enlistment be. Enlistment choice suppositions on account of what worth is put on firm-explicit information might be seen through what control frameworks are utilized. This contention depends on the suspicion that control frameworks not just speak to estimation frameworks in assessing a manager’s conduct, yet that they additionally signal what conduct is viewed as proper and, along these lines, will be found out by administrators. This thinking depends on anticipation hypothesis (Vroom, 1964), expressing that inspiration for a specific conduct relies upon a person’s convictions of what results will in general outcome from a particular conduct and the engaging quality an individual joins to those results regarding their capacity to fulfill a person’s needs. In this manner, people will be molded by what is normal from them by others. Thusly, as conduct and qualities are influenced, control frameworks will affect whether certain aptitudes can be found in the association or not. Here, the effect of the two control frameworks of socialization and bureaucratic control frameworks will be introduced, as they identify with in the case of learning of corporate-affirmed conduct is esteemed or not. In this way, the distinction lies in whether suitable conduct should be learned after some time or in the event that it has been formalized by the association as far as for instance rules and guidelines. Socialization is a type of reason control, I. e. ontrol is applied before the activity (Cyert and March, 1988), which implies that suitable conduct is disguised by the representatives. Actions, yet in addition thinking, are in this manner impacted to incorporate fitting suspicions and qualities. This is identified with how systematization will in general become self-strengthening, sooner or later requiring no prizes or other int erceding methodology, as once regulated social information will in general become a piece of authoritative day by day life (Zucker, 1977). Absence of showing the proper conduct will bring about close to home outcomes. Fortifications of legitimate conduct and believing are in this setting made as far as friend endorsement, enrollment and authority. Conversely, not showing fitting conduct will result in the person’s activities being seen as going astray, which is rebuffed by belittlement, antagonistic vibe and exclusion (Anthony, Dearden and Bedford, 1989). A serious extent of socialization will influence the enrollment procedure from numerous points of view. To begin with, directors who don't grasp the fitting qualities and show the proper conduct will have a lesser possibility of being advanced. Sec

Agroecology and Miguel Altieri Essay -- Agriculture Agricultural Essay

Agroecology and Miguel Altieri Agroecology and agribusiness as a rule took a monster jump forward in 1492 when Christopher Columbus found the New World. Already, the New and the Old World just shared three species: yam, bottle gourd, and coconut. Since this New World had been found, there was a lot of that could be picked up, and it was something beyond gold (Bermejo 1994). Numerous endeavors at developing harvests in the new and totally different condition demonstrated negligible, yet others discovered achievement. Truth be told, today is realized that numerous harvests arrive at their ideal yield in a situation that is unique in relation to their own. The principal crops brought into the Americas were the European grains, vegetables, and natural products; these were ineffective from the start. Notwithstanding, a few harvests adapted well to the tropical condition directly from the earliest starting point, including: bananas, sugar stick, and citrus organic products. Potatoes, tomatoes, gourds, beans, and chilies have all discovered their way into European cooking; these harvests all started in the Americas. Rice, a presently significant player in Mexican food, was likewise presented by the Spaniards. African grasses likewise supplanted low yield grass species in Latin America. This monster trade of species would totally change the world’s diet (Bermejo 1994). Despite the fact that pioneers set out in a triumph for â€Å"God, gold, and Glory,† and did, truth be told, fulfill those wants, they found something that was far more important than anything they could have ever envisioned. They found an entirely different world that had boundless assets, land, plant species, and whatever else they would ever use in the course of their life. In their triumph, be that as it may, they figured out how to nearly clear out an entire populace, a huge number of long stretches of history, an... ... from http://www.historycooperative.org/diaries/wm/60.4/jones.html Lopez, B. (1990) The Rediscovery of North America. The University Press of Kentucky. Lexington. Sandberg, B. (2006). Past Encounters: Religion, Ethnicity, and Violence in the Early Modern Atlantic World, 1492-1700. Diary of World History, 17, Retrieved November 10, 2006, from http://historycooperative.press.uiuc.edu/diaries/jwh/17.1/sandberg.html Schwartz, B., D'Arcy, H., Schuman, H. (2005, April 1). First class Revisionists and Popular Beliefs: Christopher Columbus, Hero or Villain?. Popular Opinion Quarterly, 69, Retrieved November 10, 2006, from http://80elibrary.bigchalk.com.proxy.uwlib.uwyo.edu/libweb/elib/do/document?set=pbsissue&groupid=1&requestid=issue_docs&resultid=9&edition=&ts=22A09C01D33E00EEC1C57E5266921447_1163398443033&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B106981986

2010 Application Information Post #1 Changes in the Process for 2010 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2010 Application Information Post #1 Changes in the Process for 2010 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Admission work pretty much follows an annual cycle and if you have been following the blog you know that much of the focus has been on wrapping up the current cycle of those who will be joining us this fall.   The bulk of admission travel and outreach happens during the fall months, however I have noticed that email traffic is picking up regarding the new application year that is ahead of us. I wanted to post an entry to assure those interested in applying for spring 2010 or fall 2010 that we will have plenty of content coming your way soon.   And for you incoming students, we still have information for you so stay tuned as well.   Thanks to all the new students that have been sending in photos!   If you have sent photos, rest assured I will get them up eventually, and if you have not sent photos yet, please do. For you future applicants, the Admissions Committee has been meeting over the past month to discuss how we can make the application process better for both those who apply and those who read the applications.   We have made some decisions and my staff and I are working with our technical crew as well as Senior members of the Committee to put everything in order for the coming year. The Committee had two main goals in mind this year.   First, we hope to make the process of submitting documents easier.   Second, we hope that some slight changes to what we ask for in the application will help the Committee to better evaluate candidates for admission as well as give candidates a better opportunity to explain their qualifications for our programs. I do not want to sound too cryptic or give too much away at this point.   The real gist of this entry is to assure you that the decisions we are making are in the best interests of all involved.   I can tell you that our goal is to have the new application go live on August 15th.   If you have started an application you will notice at this point there is no option to choose Spring 2010 or Fall 2010 as your application semester.   When the new application goes live these choices will be enabled, along with some modified instructions. Please do not fret, we will not be asking anything radically different, we will just be asking applicants to submit similar information in different formats.   One thing that will stay the same is our deadlines.   The spring deadline will be October 1st and the fall deadline will be January 5th.   So stay tuned and in the coming weeks I will be rolling out the changes we will be making in the applcation process for the coming year.

The Private Financing of Skye Bridge - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2558 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The Private Financing of Skye Bridge Introduction The intention of this report is to respond to issues that have been raised by a public policy research group in respect of financial and policy issues arising from the Skye Bridge PFI[1] project in Scotland. Although originally intended to run for a maximum of 27 years, following significant controversy, the contract was terminated by the Scottish Executive in 2004, at which time a substantial compensation was paid to the private consortium. Within the report, our intention is to study the expectations of the original policy, evaluate the projected and actual costs of the project and provide an assessment of the PFI policy, together with recommendations regarding the approach and operation of future similar contracts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Private Financing of Skye Bridge" essay for you Create order It is our conclusion that, despite the difficulties experience on the project being studied, the improvements already addressed, together with recommendations made, will see benefits accruing from PFI contracts in the future. The Project Construction of the Skye Bridge in Scotland was one of the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first PFIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, with contracts being signed between the Scottish Office Development Department and Skye Bridge Limited in December 1991 (Forty Second Report 1998, 1). An integral part of this contract was the charging of tolls. Construction of the bridge was completed and it was opened in 1995 (Auditor General, 2003. p.1). However, following continuous controversy regarding rising toll charges, despite the fact that these were to achieve a saving on the cost of previous ferry crossing charges, together with other cost issues, the bridge was returned to public ownership in October 2004, several years earlier than had been anticipated (David Ross 200 4). At the same time, the tolls were abolished. Expectations The Scottish Office Development Departmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s initial objective with this project was to provide a tolled bridge from the mainland to Skye to alleviate congestion problems associated with the ferry service, within a timeline that a publicly funded scheme could not achieve (Forty Second Report 1998, 1). This objective was clearly achieved. In addition to objectives, PFIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s should also be measured against the provision of value for money. In this respect, before being accepted, such contracts should be compared against other options, including public funded projects, in accordance with government guidelines (HM Treasury 2006). This provides a fair degree of choice between various routes (Gwartney, et.al. 2002). Economics: Private and Public Choice. Once the PFI route is determined then, to assess its value for money, all material aspects of the contract should be put out for competiti ve tender, before an operator is chosen. However, as can be seen from David Healdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s example in appendix (Figure 1), value for money does not relate solely to the financial issue. It also includes the transfer or risk and the potential saving this attracts. As can be from the example, the percentage of risk attributable to the purchaser, in this case the Scottish Office reduces significantly when this is quantified. The Skye Bridge projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s achievement of value for money was more limited than it might have been. Although it achieved the effect of transferring the risk of construction, in other areas it cannot be determined whether this was the case. Firstly, there was no attempt to produce a comparative public sector option. Secondly, although they indicated that transfer of risk was a key factor in their decision, this had not been quantified (Forty Second Report 1998, secs. 72-81). Lastly, it was deemed that the view taken on the cost to the pu blic was limited, as it did not include financial considerations outside of the contract itself, such as the annual loss of ferry operation revenues. Project Costs Within the confines of the availability of information from which to ensure accuracy of the financial costs of this project, the report has endeavoured to assess the total cost of this project against other forms of funding and the original estimates for the project as prepared in 1991. Projected The initial projected cost for the Skye Bridge project was  £37 million. However, following a revision in 1997, with the public purse subsidising user fees, this increased to  £39 million (see appendices figure 2). Whilst the operator, Skye Bridge Ltd bore the cost of the construction and operating the bridge, this was to be recouped during the life of the contract by and estimated  £24 million from users, with the balance coming out of public funds. However, in addition to this figure, the loss o f  £1 million per annum from the closure of the ferry service added to that cost. However, as can be seen from the following analysis, the budgeted figure was significantly lower than the eventual cost during the life of the contract, which some have placed as high as  £93 million (George Montbiot, 2001). Actual costs In addition to the initial costs as described previously, the cost to the public was increased during the course of the contract because of a number of addition actions and financial issues that the government needed to address. The analysis of the final cost is provided in appendices (see Figure 3). As can be seen from this analysis, the most significant aspect of this increase  £27 million resulted from the cost of compensating the private operator for the termination of the contract. However, there were also extra costs involved in early delays caused by the need for a public enquiry, despite the fact that it could be considered that this should be the operatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk (Monbiot 2004). In addition to the toll subsidy already allowed for in the revised projections (see figure 2 and above section on actual cost), by the termination of the contract, this had increased by a further  £5 million. The results show that, in the case of this project, there were some serious errors at all stages. These included the lack of competitive options being studied in the beginning, with no public option to compare with the PFI; insufficient competitor bids being sought or evaluated when the PFI contract was sent out to tender, or indeed when seeking consultants (Forty-second report 1988, 67-68). In addition, in the same report, the Public Accounts Committee determined that the Scottish Office Development Department did not pay enough attention to the way that the toll charges were being managed during the life of the contract. In other words, they did not control this element of the contract delivery suf ficiently. Comparisons In appendices (see figure 4), we have presented a comparison of two other options that could have been taken by the public authority, as well as comparing actual against the original projection. In the latter case, as has already been established, the final figure exceeded projection by  £54 million. Had the project been funded totally by the government, the costs and their make-up would have provided different scenarios again. Had the total cost come from traditional public investment, in other words out of the taxpayerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purse, as with traditional public investment, and the bridge been toll free, then the cost to the government would have been a total of  £64 million. This takes into account the cost of building the bridge at the original  £39 million, although experts estimate it could have been as low as  £15 million, (George Monbiot 2001), plus the  £9 loss of ferry revenue. It also provides for interest on the debt at the rate of 6% per annum over a five-year period. The third option would have been to increase public debt to cover the project. Had this been the case, and the government continued with their original concept of providing a tolled crossing, the cost would have been  £54 million, assuming that the road user would have been the same as it was under the PFI contract. The difficulty facing all public authorities in this situation is that they are required to make decision between what will be politically acceptable and what is economically viable (Broadbent and Laughlin 2002). However, when making such decision it is important that all the factors to achieve value for money are taken into account, which obviously in the case of the Skye Bridge. Had the approach been different it is likely, based on subsequent successes, that the outcome would have been different. Research Limitations In preparing this report, our research has been restricted to that information which is available in the public domain. In terms of information from public sources, we have studied literature that is made public on the websites or through journals and other publications of a number of public bodies. The organisations included the Scottish Executive, whose responsibility is to the public in its role as the devolved government of Scotland (about 2006). Many of the other documents referred to within this report have also come from the National Audit Office. A central part of their role is to audit the accounts of all of the government departments that exist in the UK. Parts of these duties include the evaluating and auditing of PFI projects such as the SKY Bridge. The intention of these audits is to evaluate the performance of the projects and make recommendations that can be incorporated into future directions of corporate governance for future projects of the same nature. However, whilst the Freedom of Information Act (Lord Chancellorà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s department 2000), provided for transparency in public accounting, there are exceptions, which do influence the amount of information that the government delivers to the public arena (Tim Gosling 2004). In respect of PFIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s one of the exceptions that is most commonly used, is the ability of governments to not disclose information that is considered to be of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“commercially sensitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  nature. As the who premise of PFIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are based upon a public-private partnership, they often use the fact that a commercial organisation is involved as a way of restricting the information made available to the public. As can be seen from the results of parliamentary questions, this non-disclosure has been the subject has been the subject of much debate (Written Answers 2002). Despite pressure from a number of sources, this position has been steadfastly held over the years. In case where the government has been pressed on the issue of addition information regarding the cost of PFI deals, this has often been flatly refused (Parliamentary Staff 2002). It should be mentioned at this stage that the failure of the Skye Bridge PFI contract is not the only PFI project that has been badly handled. During the time that these initiatives have been operating, there have been several other notable failures, including ones in which the construction firm Jarvis were involved (Feature 2004). Private Finance Initiative Although the result of this report would tend to suggest that proceeding with a project by choosing the Private Finance Initiative might be a dubious, if not incorrect option, there is sufficient information available to prove that, on average, the system has been effective in reducing the overall cost to the public purse and transferring the risks from the public to the private sector. The Auditor General (2001), in their report, that the failure or problems associated with PFI project only occ urs in 24% of cases, with cost overruns being considerably reduced (Article 2003). This compares favourably with the record of Public Sector projects, before the adoption of this policy. Historical data shows that the position in the public sector showed difficulties attaching to 70% of projects. Many of the PFI successes have also been seen in the transport industry, with projects such as the Dartford Toll tunnel being amongst them (Olivier Debande 2002). Conclusion and recommendations From the information that was available in the preparation of this report, it is apparent that errors in terms of the Skye Bridge project. From its inception, the project was dogged with problems (BBC News 2004). Since the date of the Skye Bridge project, there have been several calls for reform (F. Terry 1996). In response to this, the government has authorised several reports on the matter and issued new guidelines as to the operation of a PFI project, such as the latest value for money as sessment Guidance (HM Treasury 2006). It is important that when PFI projects are considered, the first step is to ensure that alternative options are examined for comparison purposes, and that the decision to use PFI is indeed in the public interest. Furthermore, the public departments must ensure that the competitive bidding element is maintained at all stages of the process. This includes consultants, constructors and other private parties that will be involved in the agreement. Finally, it is essential to clearly define the areas of the risks that are being transferred to the private sector. References About (2006). The Scottish Executive is the devolved government for Scotland. Scottish Executive. Retrieved 13th January 2007 Article (2003). PFI projects have cut overruns, says NAO. Public Finance. Retrieved 15 January 2006 from https://www.cipfa.org.uk/publicfinance/news_details.cfm?News_id=15366 Auditor General (2001). Managing the Relationship to secure a succes sful partnership in PFI projects. National Audit Office. London. Auditor General (2003). The Skye Bridge. National Audit Office. London. BBC News (2004). Timeline: Skye Bridge Tolls. BBC News online. Retrieved 15 January 2006 from https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4114195.stm. Broadbent, J. and Laughlin, R (2002). Accounting choices: technical and political trade-offs and the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Private Finance Initiative. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal. Vol. 15, No 5, pp.622-54. Debande, Olivier (2002). Private Financing of Transport Infrastructure. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol 36, part 3, pp. 355-87. Feature (2004). Jarvis: PFIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s triumphs and tragedies. The Economist, 16 December 2004. Forty Second Report (1998). The Skye Bridge. Public Accounts Committee. UK. Retrieved 15 January 2007 from https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmselect/cmpubacc/348/34802.htm Gosling, Tim (2004). Openness Surve y Paper. Institute for Public Policy Research. UK. Gwartney, James D., Sobel Russel, S. and Stroup, Richard L (2002). Economics: Private and Public Choice. South Western College Publishing, USA. 10th ed. Heald D. (2003). Value for money tests and accounting treatment in PFI schemes. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal. Vol. 16, No 3, pp.342-71. HM Treasury (2006). Value for Money Assessment Guidance. HM Stationery Office. London. Lord Chancellors Department (2000). Freedom of Information Act (2000) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Part 2. HM Stationery Office. London. Monbiot, George (2001). Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain. Pan Books. UK. Parliamentary Staff (2002). Extra costs of PFI deals will not be revealed. Accountancy Age, 2 December 2002. Ross, David (2004). Tolls end on the bridge over troubled waters. The Herald, Scotland, UK. Terry, F (1996). The Private Financing Initiative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Overdue reform or policy breakthrough. Publi c Money and Management, 9-16. Written Answers (2002). Public-private partnerships and PFI. Commons Hansard, Vol 394, column 277W. Appendices Figure 1Source: David Heald (2003) Table Expenditure on the Skye Bridge project by the Department and users Payments to Skye Bridge Limited  £ millions Note Toll payments by users to be received by Skye Bridge Limited over the lifetime of the concession, together with payments agreed in December 1997 by the Department to subsidise tolls for regular users 24 1 Payments by the Department to or on behalf of Skye Bridge Limited for constructing the approach roads, and compensation for the cost of design changes and delay following a public inquiry 12 1 Other direct project expenditure by the Department Including advisers fees, survey work, land purchase and staff costs 3 1 Total payments by users and the Department 39 1 Indirect public expenditure reflecting loss of ferry revenue by Caledonian MacBrayne  £1 million a year Figure 2 Source Forty-second report 1998 Item Final Cost  £ millions User Costs  £33 Initial costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Department  £15 Cost of delays due to public enquiry  £4 Loss of Ferry Revenue  £9 Compensation for termination  £27 Subsidy for tolls  £5 Total  £93 Figure 3 Calculation of final cost Traditional Public Investment  £ Millions Public Debt  £ Millions Final cost  £ Millions Budgeted cost  £ Millions Public Purse  £48  £15  £64  £15 Road Users  £33  £33  £24 Capital Providers  £16  £6 Bridge Operator Figure 4 Cost comparisons 1 Footnotes [1] Private Finance Initiative

The Importance Of Team And A Team Leader As Well As The...

In healthcare settings a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach is required to provide a safe and quality holistic care for patients. To achieve this, the different healthcare professionals must work together in order to achieve their goals and promote patient safety. This assignment aims to explore the importance of team work in healthcare. In addition it will consider the qualities and behaviours of a team leader as well as the team behaviours necessary for effective team performance. In order to fully explore the nature of team work in healthcare it is importance to first look at what defines a team.A team can be defined as two or more people with specific roles working together to achieve a common purpose(Kalisch Begeny, 2005). For†¦show more content†¦Effective teamwork is dependent on good leadership. In other words there certain characteristics such as the behaviours and qualities of the leader and the behaviours of team member or followers that contributes to the effectiveness of a team. Different leadership theories such as the Trait theory, Situational theory, Behavioural theory, Transformational and Transactional have been develop to describe the different styles of leadership and to identify what makes an effective leader. However, there are certain qualities and behaviours that a team leader must possess in order to create a high performance team. Consequently, the National Health Service (NHS) (2013) has produce a leadership framework which provides nine dimension of leadership behaviours which are essential for being an effective leader. Goleman et al (2002) suggest that effective leadership behaviours include â€Å"self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and confronting the impossible†. In other words, a team leader has the awareness of his or her own strengths, weaknesses, emotions, beliefs and values and its influences his or her decision making as well as how he or she manages her emotions. In addition he or she has the awareness of the individual team member skills and abilities and therefore is able to delegate certain task to members who are capable as each member of the team has a unique

Business Law Answer Key Free Essays

Business Law Answer Key This is a comprehensive key to all the questions, including some chapters which we did not cover. You are responsible only for chapters on the syllabus. Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law Answer Key or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 2 E. 4 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. E Ch. 3 A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 – 3 E. 3 – 1 †¢ Interrogatories is a pretrial procedure involving written questions to be signed under oath †¢ Deposition is a pretrial procedure involving oral questions answered under oath 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T- F 5. T †¢ About one half of all lawsuits settle before trail -) True †¢ In a lawsuit for money damages, both the plaintiff and the defendant are generally entitled to a jury. -) True 6. E 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D Ch. 4 A. 5 B. 6 C. 1 D. 2 E. 3 F. 4 †¢ Stare Decisis – The rule that requires courts to decide cases based on the precedent †¢ Promulgate- The act an administrative agency creating a new rule 1. T 2. F- T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F The due process clause requires that any citizen is entitled to a jury trial before any right or property interest is taken -) False †¢ Administrative agencies play an advisory role in the life of many industries but do not have the legal authority to enforce their opinions. -) False 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. B †¢ If Colorado passes a hotel tax of 8 percent for Colorado residents and 15 percent for out of state visitors. The new law is void, based on the commerce clause. †¢ Which of these is an example of judicial review? A federal court declares a statute unconstitutional †¢ What is an example of a subpoena? A court order requiring a deponent to answer questions. Ch. 5 – Perfect!!!!!!! A. 4 B. 3 C. 6 D. 2 E. 1 F. 7 G. 5 1. F 2. F (not enough information; battery for sure) 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C Ch. 6 A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 2 E. 4 1. F 2. T (depends in which state – state law differs on this point) 3. F 4. T-F 5. T 6. F Some states are comparative negligence states but the majorities are contributory negligence states. -) False A landowner might be liable if a dinner guest fell on a broken porch step but not liable if a trespasser fell on the same place. ) True 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C Ch. 7 A. 5 B. 1 (this seems to be the best choice, although the definition sounds more like the Anti-Money Laundering Act rather than RICO, which was originally passed to combat organized crime). C. 4 D. 6 E. 3 F. 2 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F †¢ Corporate officers can be convicted of crimes: corporation they cannot be -) False †¢ An affidavit is the government’s formal charge of criminal wrongdoing. †¢ Affidavit- a written statement signed under oath 6. D 7. E 8. A 9. A- E 10. B A prosecutor concerned that he may lack sufficient evidence to obtain a conviction may agree to an affidavit. †¢ Professor asks Janice, his teaching assistant to please drive the professor’s car to the repair shop. Janice gets in and drives, not to the garage, but 1,400 miles farther west to Las Vegas. Janice has committed Embezzlement. Ch. 9 A. 4 (this is how the textbook defines implied contracts, but keep in mind that if you spell out the terms of a contract, this is going to be an express contract; an implied contract is one which can be inferred from the conduct of the parties) B. 5 C. 3 D. 1 E. †¢ Implied contract- An agreement based on words and actions of the parties †¢ Consideration- Bargaining that leads to an exchange between the parties †¢ Liquidated debt- a debt in which the amount is undisputed. †¢ Bilateral contract- a co mmon law principle requiring the acceptance to be on exactly the terms of the offer. 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. A (although E seems ok to me as well) 7. C (although A seems ok to me as well, but perhaps not enough facts are provided, so C is the better answer) 8. E 9. C- E 10. E Abdul hires Sean to work in his store, and agrees to pay him $9 an hour.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. This agreement is governed by the UCC-)False †¢ If someone makes and offer and that person puts another offer on the table, they are rejecting the offer. Ch. 10 A. 3(intent is just one of the elements to prove fraud) B. 4 C. 5 D. 1 E. 2 Part Performance- Entry onto land, or improvements made to it, by a buyer who has no written contract Exculpatory Clause- a contract clause intended to relieve one party from potential tort liability 1. T 2. F 3. T- F 4. T 5. T 6. F †¢ Non compete clauses are suspect because they tend to restrain free trade. -) True 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. D †¢ If people are buying and selling a house and neither party has copy of the emails, they still have the parties still have a binding contract for the sale of Louise’s House. †¢ You drive up to a fancy restaurant and hand your car keys to the valet . You have created a Baliment. †¢ Bailment: giving possession and control of personal property to another person. CH. 16 A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 5 E. 2 1. T-F 2. F-T 3. F 4. F-T 5. T †¢ A principal is always liable on a contract, whether he is fully disclosed, unidentified or undisclosed. ) True †¢ When a contract goes wrong, a third party can always recover damages from the agent, whether the principal is fully disclosed, unidentified, or undisclosed. -) False †¢ An agent may never act for two principals whose interest conflict-) false 6. B 7. C 8. B-D 9. C 10. A-none Someone painting the outside of a building you own crashed through a window, injuring a visiting executive. Whi ch of the following questions would our lawyer not need to ask to determine if the painter was your employee? Had you checked the painter’s references? Which of the following activities committed by an agent is not likely to create liability for the principal. A car accident while driving to work. Ch. 17 A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 2 E. 1 F. 3 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. E 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. E 15. A CH. 18 A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2 E. 5 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. D 10. B CH. 20 A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 1 E. 3 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C CH. 22 A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 1 E. 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C CH. 25 A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 1 E. 2 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A How to cite Business Law Answer Key, Essays

A Good Vacation Gone Bad Essay Example For Students

A Good Vacation Gone Bad Essay â€Å"Steven Helfer, you will not be attending this flight† were the worst words I could hear at the start of summer 2013. It was suppose to be the best summer vacation yet and everyone in my entire family was stoked. We planned months a head for it and eagerly waited for the date until we departed to the island of Turks and Caicos. It was finally the day we left and everything was running smooth the morning of our flight, until one thing that was so critical went missing. This mishap or I can say TRAGEDY caused a big delay, that I wish didn’t transpire. It was truly the best example of a good vacation gone wrong at first. It was 5 am on the day we left and I was comfy in a perfectly wrapped burrito blanket. I could already hear my mom yelling, â€Å"GET UP, WERE LEAVING AND WE ARE WAITING ON YOU† in a hurried voice. Me, not being a morning person, woke up late and I was supposed to be already out the door. I got up and Dashed through the house grabbing all my luggage, while my family waited for me in the car. â€Å"Come on! Were going to be late† is all I heard from my Dad, as I walked out and he closed the garage behind me. When I finally got in the car, my mother made sure everyone had everything and we were all set to travel as I started to doze off ignoring her. I soon woke up as my Dad was parking the car in one of the parking garages at DIA. We were already somewhat late and were basically running to the luggage check in. Everything went smoothly as normal until we had reached the security. â€Å"Passports and ID out† said the officer in charge of the checking in process. Everyone in my family pulled out their passport and then the panic began when I couldn’t find my passport. I rapidly started going through everything we currently had on and nothing. We approached the officer when it was our turn and explained what had happened, that I might have left it at the house or in the car. It was too late to turn around being that our flight took off in the next 20 minutes. I knew what had to happen and that was to let my family leave without me at that very moment. It was the saddest moment leaving my family behind, but there was still hope for me. The officer said if I had left my passport at home then I can still catch a flight the next day, being that there aren’t many flights to the destination I was headed to. I got the keys to the car and left the airport on my long journey. When I arrived I began frantically looking for the passport and there it sat. It was on my floor in my room and boy was I happy, but still sad this all happened because of my forgetfulness. I decided to get some rest and I even woke up 2 hours before I even had to be at DIA. When I got to DIA the weather was so traitorous, they had to cancel my flight till later that night. My patience was at an all time low and time was my worst enemy. I sat down on an uncomfortable airport chair and slowly dozed off until the sound of my Iphone’s alarm was blaring through my ear via headphones. It was time to board the plane and my happiness was unbearable. As a long story short, we had a great vacation on the beautiful island of Turks and Caicos and everything worked out.